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Total Project Mgmt Construction Safety

In a sentence

A total-project management framework showing how safety, health and environment (SHE) performance in construction is determined by decisions made at every stage from concept through design, contracting, construction, commissioning and review.

Written by senior health and safety executives from Europe's leading client and constructor organizations, this European Construction Institute guide argues that construction's unacceptable safety record is not inevitable but is the predictable outcome of the whole chain of project decisions. It reframes site accidents as end-points of choices made much earlier by clients, designers, engineers and financiers, and lays out a systematic, proactive SHE management system spanning company policy, initial concept, design, cost-benefit analysis, contractual arrangements, contractor selection, planning, construction, commissioning, handover, audit and review. With checklists, worked examples (HAZCON, HAZOP, permit-to-work, method statements, SHE action plans) and stage-by-stage guidance, it equips every party in the construction process to earn superior SHE performance by applying well-established best practice consistently.

The four lenses

  • Science
  • Statistics
  • Systems
  • Strategy

The model

A causal framework in which early and design-stage design levers and organizational conditions drive systematic risk management and behavioral SHE states across the project, which in turn determine safety, health and environmental outcomes, moderated by contract strategy and reinforced through auditing and feedback.

Company SHE Policydesign lever

The Board-level organizational policy that sets objectives and goals for safety, health and environment, giving SHE equal status with quality and commercial objectives and defining how management systems support the business.

Early Hazard Identification and Risk Assessmentdesign lever

The systematic identification and assessment of major SHE hazards at the earliest project stages (concept, feasibility, front-end), including HAZCON procedures, to determine SHE implications of project options before scope is fixed.

Design for SHE / Buildabilitydesign lever

The use of design and specification activity, informed by the hazard management process and constructability reviews, to prevent or mitigate construction hazards and to ensure the works can be built, operated, maintained and demolished safely.

Contractual Arrangements and Contract Strategycontextual condition

The form of contract, documentation and allocation of SHE responsibilities that determine relationships between parties and how much SHE management is relinquished to the contractor; identified as one of the most important determinants of SHE success.

Contractor SHE Competence and Selectioncontextual condition

The degree to which the selected contractor has recognized SHE requirements and possesses the management systems, resources, training and track record to meet at least the minimum acceptable SHE standards, established through pre-qualification and tender evaluation.

Pre-Construction and Construction Planningbehavioral pattern

The continuous planning process defining safeguards for high-risk activities, including method statements, permit-to-work systems, emergency planning, training and resource evaluation before and during construction.

Systematic Risk Management Processbehavioral pattern

The recurring systematic cycle of hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and incident recovery applied throughout the project to eliminate or control SHE risks and to define precautionary and contingency measures.

Management Commitment and Leadershippsychological state

The visible commitment, leadership and support for SHE demonstrated by senior management and supervisors, including leading by example, clear responsibility and enforcement, which shapes site attitudes and behaviours.

SHE Training, Communication and Motivationbehavioral pattern

The provision of induction and ongoing SHE training, effective communication of SHE policy and procedures, and motivation programmes that build competence and a proactive safety culture among the workforce.

Safe Working Behaviour and Compliancebehavioral pattern

The extent to which the workforce and contractors comply with agreed SHE plans, method statements, permit systems and safe systems of work during construction, commissioning and handover.

SHE Audit, Review and Feedbackbehavioral pattern

The formal audits, inspections and project reviews that monitor compliance, identify corrective actions and feed learning back to current and future projects, providing the mechanism for continuous improvement.

SHE Performance Outcomesoutcome metric

The realized safety, health and environmental results of the project, including reduced death and injury, lower accident frequency and incidence rates, and reduced environmental damage.

Project Performance and Cost-Benefitoutcome metric

The broader project benefits arising from proactive SHE management, including avoided accident costs, enhanced efficiency, morale, teamworking and improvements in cost, time and quality.

How they connect

  • company she policy influences management commitment
  • company she policy predicts early hazard identification
  • early hazard identification predicts risk management process
  • early hazard identification predicts design for safety
  • design for safety influences risk management process
  • design for safety predicts she outcomes
  • risk management process predicts construction planning
  • contractor she competence predicts safe working behaviour
  • contract strategy moderates she outcomes
  • construction planning predicts safe working behaviour
  • she training communication predicts safe working behaviour
  • management commitment moderates safe working behaviour
  • safe working behaviour predicts she outcomes
  • she outcomes predicts project performance
  • audit feedback moderates she outcomes
  • risk management process mediates she outcomes

The story

The reader A construction project participant — client, designer, engineer, contractor or sub-contractor — who wants to deliver projects successfully while protecting people's lives and health and the environment.

External problem

The construction industry has an unacceptable safety, health and environmental record, with rising accident rates and hazards that materialise on site.

Internal problem

Those responsible feel that accidents are inevitable, that good SHE ideas are rarely applied consistently, and that safety adds cost and conflicts with commercial pressures.

Philosophical problem

It is morally, ethically and legally wrong to treat death, injury and environmental damage as an unavoidable byproduct of a necessary activity when decisions made throughout a project can prevent them.

The plan

  1. Establish company SHE policy at Board level giving SHE equal status with quality and commercial goals.
  2. Identify major hazards and assess risks at initial concept (HAZCON 1) and refine as the project develops (HAZCON 2).
  3. Use design and specification to eliminate or mitigate construction hazards through systematic hazard management.
  4. Recognise and price SHE costs and benefits to close the cost expectation gap.
  5. Define contract strategy and documentation that assigns clear SHE responsibilities.
  6. Select contractors on demonstrated SHE competence via pre-qualification and tender evaluation.
  7. Plan construction activities in detail, including method statements, permits to work and emergency procedures.
  8. Monitor, control and promote SHE during construction, commissioning and handover.
  9. Audit and review the project, feeding lessons back to this and future projects.

Success

  • Reduced death and injury and less environmental damage from construction.
  • Safe, tidy, efficient sites with high morale, fewer disputes, reduced absenteeism and better relationships.
  • Lower avoided costs from accidents, litigation and delays alongside improved cost, time and quality performance.
  • A proactive SHE culture with continuous improvement driven by audit and feedback.

At stake

  • Continued unacceptable accident and ill-health rates and environmental harm.
  • Legal liability, prosecutions, fines, compensation and damaged reputation.
  • Project delays, disputes, low morale and reduced productivity.
  • SHE cost expectation gaps, inefficient sites and repeated avoidable incidents.

Questions this book answers

Why does the construction industry have such a poor safety, health and environmental record and how can it be improved?
At what project stages can SHE hazards be eliminated, reduced or managed most effectively?
How should company SHE policy be formulated and translated into project-level management?
How can design, contracting and contractor selection be used proactively to prevent construction hazards?
Do the costs of SHE management outweigh the benefits?

Glossary

Company SHE Policy
The organization's Board-level statement of objectives, goals and management arrangements for safety, health and environment, giving SHE equal status with quality and commercial objectives.
Early Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
The systematic identification and preliminary assessment of major SHE hazards at concept, feasibility and front-end stages before project scope is fixed.
Design for SHE / Buildability
The use of design and specification, informed by hazard management and constructability review, to prevent or mitigate construction hazards and enable safe build, operation, maintenance and demolition.
Contractual Arrangements and Contract Strategy
The form of contract, documentation and allocation of SHE responsibilities that structure relationships between parties and the degree of SHE management relinquished to the contractor.
Contractor SHE Competence and Selection
The extent to which the selected contractor has the management systems, resources, training and track record to meet the project's SHE requirements.
Pre-Construction and Construction Planning
The continuous planning process that defines safeguards, method statements, permits, emergency arrangements, training and resources for construction activities.
Systematic Risk Management Process
The recurring cycle of hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and incident recovery applied throughout the project.
Management Commitment and Leadership
The visible commitment, leadership and enforcement of SHE by senior management and supervisors that shapes site attitudes and behaviours.