HR Metrics Library
The measures the field runs on — profiled.
147 metrics, defined and evidenced.
Each profile says what the metric measures, how it’s computed, how to segment it, and what the research actually shows. The catalog comes from the People Analytics Toolbox; the evidence from Principia.
Compensation & Benefits · 45
- 401k Participation Rate
Percentage of employees contributing to retirement plans
- Actual vs Plan Variance
Variance of actual comp spend against budget, by area × function × geography.
- Aggregate Compa-Ratio
Average rate actually paid over a population divided by the range midpoint — a manager-drift detector. <1 = paying below intent; >1 often from longer tenure / few new hires / low promotion. Computable per range, unit, function, or org (distinct from the employee-grain compa-ratio).
- Average Base Salary
Mean base salary across all employees
- Benefits Participation Rate
Percentage of eligible employees enrolled in benefits
- Bonus Payout Rate
Average bonus as percentage of base salary
- Compa-Ratio
Ratio of actual pay to midpoint of salary range
- Compa-Ratio Drift
Distribution of employees across compa-ratio bands pre- vs post-cycle, with per-band deltas.
- Compensation % of EBITDA
Annual compensation spend as a share of (implied) EBITDA.
- Compensation % of Revenue
Annual compensation spend as a share of (implied) revenue.
- Compensation per FTE
Annual compensation spend divided by full-time-equivalent count.
- Cost per Employee
Total employment cost per employee
- Discretionary Award Amount
Discretionary award dollars from the rating lookup plus any population-status adjustment.
- Equity Award Amount
Equity grant dollars allocated to an employee from their decision unit's budget, pro-rated by relative multiplier.
- Equity Multiplier
Per-employee equity weighting (by performance rating) used to allocate the unit equity budget.
- Explained Pay-Gap Share
Portion of a between-cohort raw pay gap attributable to legitimate measured factors (Oaxaca–Blinder explained component, β_B convention).
- Grade / Range Overlap
Degree to which an adjacent grade's range shares dollar territory with the one below. Driven by range spread + midpoint differential; design rule: avoid overlapping >3-4 grades.
- Health Insurance Cost
Per-employee health insurance cost
- Market Index of Competitiveness
Company pay relative to the market rate for a job (or aggregated). 100 = at market; ±10% tolerance → 95-105% is fully competitive. Distinct from market-median (which describes the market); this is company-vs-market position.
- Market Median Hourly Wage
BLS OEWS median hourly wage by SOC × geography, via multi-tier resolution (observed national > observed subnational > geo-index projected > national projected).
- Market Pay Range Percentiles
Market hourly-pay percentile distribution (p10/p25/p75/p90) around the median for a SOC × geography.
- Median Base Salary
Median base salary across all employees
- Merit Increase Amount
Dollar value of the merit increase for an employee.
- Merit Increase Rate
Merit increase as a fraction of base salary, from the merit matrix lookup on performance rating × comp-ratio (or location) bucket.
- Merit Spend % of Payroll
Merit spend as a percentage of the payroll base for a segment.
- Midpoint Progression
Percentage step between adjacent pay-grade midpoints; for a whole structure, the constant geometric progression. Larger progression → fewer grades.
- Overtime Cost Ratio
Overtime pay as percentage of total payroll
- Overtime Hours
Average overtime hours per employee per period
- Pay Coefficient of Variation
Relative dispersion of a pay distribution — std dev as a percent of the mean — comparable across jobs of very different magnitude. Flags anomalously high internal pay variability / compares survey-source spread.
- Pay Compression Index
Share of subordinates paid at or above their manager within a tolerance — a compression-risk indicator (lower is better).
- Pay Equity Gap
Gender pay gap as percentage difference
- Pay P90/P10 Ratio
Robust pay-spread measure: 90th percentile over 10th percentile. Preferred over the interquartile range (which trims too much). Higher = wider dispersion.
- Pay-Policy Lead/Lag
Structure-level strategic posture: the percentage the company's pay-policy line sits above (+lead) or below (−lag) the fitted market line. Can be a per-job-family vector (lead some families, lag others; or 'pay among the leaders' = match a top-payer subset).
- Point-Factor Job Evaluation Score
Quantitative, market-independent internal-worth score: sum of weighted points across compensable factors (each scored to a degree level). Hay-style factors: know-how, problem-solving, accountability, working conditions. Builds the job-worth hierarchy.
- PTO Utilization Rate
Percentage of allocated PTO days used
- Range Spread
Width of a pay range as a percentage of its minimum. Benchmarks by level: ~20-25% production, 30-40% clerical/technical, 40-50% professional/mid-mgmt, 50%+ managerial/exec; broadbands >80%.
- Revenue per Employee
Total revenue divided by headcount
- Salary Budget Variance
Actual vs budgeted salary expenditure
- Salary Range Penetration
Position within salary range (compa-ratio)
- Skill-Ladder Earning Ratio
Maximum attainable pay as a percentage of entry pay across a person-based (skill/competency) certification ladder. Worked example: entry 100% → full certification 193% ($10→$19.30/hr). Pay rule: paid at highest certification rate.
- Total Compensation Cost
Total payroll cost including benefits and bonuses
- Total Increase % of Payroll
Combined merit + promotion + adjustment spend as a percentage of payroll base.
- Unexplained Pay-Gap Share
Portion of a between-cohort raw pay gap NOT explained by measured factors (Oaxaca–Blinder unexplained component) — the equity-risk signal.
- Variable Pay Payout Amount
Final variable-pay (bonus) payout after applying the target, payout multiple, and cap.
- Variable Pay Payout Multiple
Realized payout as a multiple of the bonus target (1.0 = paid at target).
Engagement & Retention · 16
- Absenteeism Rate
Average unplanned absence days per employee
- Employee Net Promoter Score
eNPS measuring employee advocacy
- Employee Satisfaction Score
Overall employee satisfaction from survey responses
- Engagement Index
Composite engagement score from multiple survey dimensions
- Exit Reason Distribution
Distribution of reasons for employee departures
- First-Year Turnover Rate
Turnover rate among employees with less than one year tenure
- Flight Risk Score
Predictive score for employee departure probability
- Involuntary Turnover Rate
Percentage of employees terminated involuntarily
- Manager Satisfaction
Employee satisfaction with direct manager
- Recognition Frequency
Average recognitions received per employee per period
- Regrettable Turnover
Voluntary departures of high-performing employees
- Retention Rate
Percentage of employees retained over the period
- Survey Response Rate
Percentage of employees completing engagement surveys
- Total Turnover Rate
Overall employee separation rate
- Voluntary Turnover Rate
Percentage of employees leaving voluntarily
- Work-Life Balance Score
Employee perception of work-life balance
Performance & Development · 18
- Average Performance Rating
Mean performance rating across all employees
- Certification Rate
Percentage of employees with relevant certifications
- Development Plan Coverage
Percentage of employees with active development plans
- Feedback Frequency
Average feedback sessions per employee per quarter
- Goal Completion Rate
Percentage of employee goals achieved
- High Performer Percentage
Percentage of employees rated as high performers
- Leadership Pipeline Strength
Ratio of ready-now successors to leadership positions
- Low Performer Percentage
Percentage of employees rated as low performers
- Mentorship Participation
Percentage of employees in mentoring programs
- Nine-Box Distribution
Distribution of employees across the 9-box grid
- Performance Improvement Rate
Rate of improvement in performance ratings period over period
- Promotion Rate
Percentage of employees promoted during the period
- Rating Distribution
Distribution of performance ratings across tiers
- Skill Gap Score
Aggregate measure of skill deficiencies
- Time to Promotion
Average time between promotions
- Training Completion Rate
Percentage of assigned training completed
- Training Cost per Employee
Average training investment per employee
- Training Hours per Employee
Average training hours completed per employee
Regulatory Compliance · 5
- Pay-Floor Affected Jurisdictions Count
Number of distinct jurisdictions with at least one noncompliant workforce record. The "footprint" companion to impacted-headcount — useful for prioritizing remediation effort (5 employees across 5 states is a different operational shape than 5 employees in 1 state).
- Pay-Floor Annualized Dollar Exposure
Sum of annualized discrepancy across all noncompliant workers — i.e., the total annual underpayment if every "fail" worker received exactly the required minimum for the next 12 months. Hours assumption is the per-worker annualHoursAssumption passed at evaluate-time (default 2080).
- Pay-Floor Failure Rate
Share of evaluated workforce records paid below the applicable jurisdictional minimum-wage floor at the evaluation date. A composition metric across the evaluation cohort; the denominator is evaluated workers, not total workforce.
- Pay-Floor Impacted Headcount
Absolute count of workforce records currently paid below the applicable jurisdictional minimum-wage floor. The integer companion to pay-floor-failure-rate — both are needed: the rate tells you exposure intensity, the count tells you remediation scope.
- Pay-Floor Upcoming 30-Day Impact
Projected pay-floor-dollar-exposure-annual if all rule_versions with announced effective dates in the next 30 days activate as scheduled, applied against the current workforce. The proactive alert metric — answers "what does next month look like?" before the payroll cycle hits.
Talent Acquisition · 17
- Application to Interview Ratio
Ratio of applications to interviews scheduled
- Candidate Experience Score
Candidate satisfaction with application process
- Cost per Hire
Total recruitment cost divided by number of hires
- Diversity Hire Rate
Percentage of diverse candidates hired
- Hiring Manager Satisfaction
Hiring manager satisfaction with recruitment process
- Internal Fill Rate
Percentage of positions filled by internal candidates
- Interview to Offer Ratio
Conversion rate from interview to job offer
- New Hire Retention (90-day)
Percentage of new hires remaining after 90 days
- Offer Acceptance Rate
Percentage of offers accepted by candidates
- Pipeline Velocity
Speed at which candidates move through hiring stages
- Quality of Hire
First-year performance rating of new hires
- Recruiter Workload
Average open positions per recruiter
- Referral Hire Rate
Percentage of hires from employee referrals
- Requisition Aging
Average age of open requisitions
- Source Quality
Quality of hire by recruitment source
- Time to Fill
Average days from job posting to offer acceptance
- Time to Hire
Average days from first contact to start date
Workforce Composition · 29
- Average Age
Mean age of active employees
- Average Tenure
Mean years of service for active employees
- Contractor Ratio
Proportion of contractors vs full-time employees
- Department Distribution
Headcount breakdown across departments
- Distribution — bonus plan segment
Headcount shares across normalized bonus-plan taxonomies sourced from Bonus Plan Assigned.
- Distribution — compa-ratio quintile
Headcount shares across standardized compa-ratio quintile buckets (PRD-aligned cut-points on TTC or Base compa-ratio).
- Distribution — generation cohort
Headcount shares across birth-year-derived generation cohort buckets.
- Distribution — geographic payroll band
Headcount shares across default high / mid / low country cost bands aligned to toolbox classification.
- Distribution — RTO compliance quintile
Headcount shares across hybrid compliance quintiles keyed to pct-to-requirement ratios.
- Distribution — span-of-control bucket
Headcount shares across direct-report buckets (individual contributor vs scaled manager-load bands).
- Diversity Index
Simpson's diversity index measuring demographic representation
- FTE Count
Full-time equivalent count adjusted for part-time workers
- Gender Ratio
Proportion of female to male employees
- Headcount Growth Rate
Period-over-period percentage change in total headcount
- Internal Mobility Rate
Rate of internal job changes and transfers
- Manager Ratio
Percentage of employees in management roles
- Mean manager demographic similarity
Population mean similarity between employees and managers on gender/ethnic-minority/generation cohort comparisons.
- Mean team demographic similarity
Population mean teammate overlap averaged across demographics within each manager cohort.
- Median Tenure
Median years of service for active employees
- Median tenure (continuous service, months)
Median across the population of organization continuous-service tenure, in whole calendar months.
- Median tenure (current job, months)
Median across the population of time in current role, in whole calendar months.
- Median tenure (most recent hire, months)
Median across the population of most-recent-hire tenure, in whole calendar months.
- New Hires (Period)
Number of new employees hired during the period
- Org Depth
Average reporting levels from individual contributor to CEO
- Part-Time Ratio
Proportion of part-time employees in the workforce
- Remote Worker Ratio
Percentage of employees working remotely
- Span of Control
Average number of direct reports per manager
- Terminations (Period)
Number of employee separations during the period
- Total Headcount
Total number of active employees across the organization
Workforce Planning · 17
- Attrition Forecast
Predicted attrition for upcoming periods
- Bench Strength
Average number of ready successors per key position
- Capacity Utilization
Employee productive capacity vs available capacity
- Contingent Workforce Ratio
Ratio of contingent to permanent workers
- Critical Role Fill Rate
Percentage of critical roles currently filled
- Headcount Budget Utilization
Percentage of approved headcount budget utilized
- Labor Market Competitiveness
Salary competitiveness vs market median
- New Role Creation Rate
Rate at which new positions are being created
- Planned vs Actual Headcount
Variance between planned and actual headcount
- Redeployment Rate
Rate of employees redeployed to new roles
- Retirement Eligibility
Percentage of workforce eligible to retire within 5 years
- Skills Gap Analysis
Percentage of critical skills with adequate coverage
- Succession Coverage Ratio
Percentage of key positions with identified successors
- Succession Readiness
Percentage of successors rated as ready-now
- Vacancy Rate
Percentage of budgeted positions currently unfilled
- Workforce Cost Forecast
Projected workforce cost for upcoming periods
- Workforce Forecast Accuracy
Accuracy of previous workforce planning forecasts
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What the literature says about measuring people
The measurement literature behind this signal — sourced, so you can defend it.
“(vii) Learning & Development Metrics Metric Name Formula Metric Description Learning & Development Investment per FTE Learning & Development Cost / Permanent FTE The number of dollars invested in learning and development per permanent FTE. Learning & Development Cost Payroll…”
— Predictive HR Analyticsmatch 67%
“A common example of a metric is turnover, or attrition rate; this is a quantitative measure of the percent of total employees who have left an organization within a given time period. A useful metric is repeatable , meaning that it can be calculated on a regular basis; reliable…”
— The Compensation Handbook (6th ed.)match 67%
“Social Security numbers or other personally identifiable information for which inadvertent or deliberate release could result in identity theft. It is also a best practice to limit or significantly restrict the communication and use of employee data that are not relevant to…”
— The Compensation Handbook (6th ed.)match 66%
Resources: Predictive HR Analytics · The Compensation Handbook (6th ed.)